20 April 2026, Volume 56 Issue 2
    

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    ETIOLOGY
  • Identification and virulence of pathogens causing soybean root rot in Northern Anhui Province
    CAO Shun, CHI Yuankai, XU Amei, HE Yanqiu, QI Rende, ZHAO Wei
    Acta Phytopathologica Sinica. 2026, 56(2): 185-196. https://doi.org/10.13926/j.cnki.apps.000998
    Abstract ( ) Download PDF ( )   Knowledge map   Save
    The pathogen species causing soybean root rot in northern Anhui Province were identified in this study. A total of 236 pathogen isolates were obtained from 72 samples. Fusarium spp. were the primary pathogens (146 isolates), accounting for 61.3% of the total isolates. Based on morphology and molecular biology analysis, Fusarium spp. were identified to 10 species containing F. solani, F. falciforme, F. neocosmosporiellum, F. ipomoeae, F. incarnatum, F. proliferatum, F. verticillioides, F. fujikuroi, F. oxysporum, and F. culmorum, with the frequencies of 12.33%, 18.49%, 5.48%, 11.64%, 18.49%, 10.2%, 5.48%, 4.11%, 12.33%, and 1.37%, respectively. F. falciforme, F. neocosmosporiellum, and F. incarnatum were first reported causing soybean root rot in Anhui Province, while F. ipomoeae was a novel causal agent of soybean root rot. There were significant differences on the pathogenicity of the different Fusarium species to soybean. Under high-inoculum conditions, F. culmorum, F. proliferatum and F. oxysporum exhibited strong pathogenicity, reducing emergence rate of soybean and causing extensive root necrosis, and the disease indexes were 84.93, 82.43 and 79.50, respectively. In contrast, the pathogenicity of F. solani species complex and F. incarnatum-equiseti species complex were significantly lower compared to the other strains, causing mild lesions with disease indexes ranging from 36.43 to 44.80. This study laid a foundation for control soybean root rot in Anhui Province.
  • Detection and analysis of virus and its infection types on facility-cultivated tomatoes in southern Xinjiang
    CAO Xueping, HAN Sheng, ZHOU Tingting, FENG Jing, ABUDOUSAIMAITI Tuersong, ZHANG Fengqin, CAO Luxiao, GU Qinsheng, YUSHANJIANG Maimaiti
    Acta Phytopathologica Sinica. 2026, 56(2): 197-206. https://doi.org/10.13926/j.cnki.apps.001372
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    Tomato is one of the most important vegetable crops in the Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region. The infection of viral diseases has seriously affected its yield and quality. To determine the virus species and infection types on tomato plants, 221 samples exhibiting virus-like symptoms were collected from 4 regions in southern Xinjiang and subjected to PCR/RT-PCR for virus detection and identification. The results showed that a total of 12 viruses were identified from the samples. In the order detection rates, they were southern tomato virus (STV), tomato spotted wilt virus (TSWV), tomato mottle mosaic virus (ToMMV), tomato brown rugose fruit virus (ToBRFV), tomato ringspot nepovirus (TomRSV), tomato black ring virus (TBRV), tomato mosaic virus (ToMV), tomato yellow leaf curl virus (TYLCV), tobacco mosaic virus (TMV), cucumber mosaic virus (CMV), tomato chlorosis virus (ToCV) (1.8%), tomato aspermy virus (ToAV) respectively. Among them, STV and TSWV were the dominant viruses infecting tomato plants in southern Xinjiang. Meanwhile, ToMMV, ToBRSV and TomRSV were reported for the first time on tomato plants in Xinjiang. Analysis of infection types showed that there were 61virus infection types, including 7 types of single virus infection and 54 types of mixed infection. Among them, STV、STV+TSWV、STV+TSWV+TBRV、STV+ToBRFV、STV+ToMMV、STV+ToRSV、ToMMV+TSWV and STV+ToMV+ToRSV were the most common types. The co-infection of tomato disease in southern Xinjiang is widespread and occurs seriously in the field. The results of this study provide an important scientific basis for the prevention and control of viral diseases on facility-cultivated tomato in southern Xinjiang.
  • Redescription of three species of Hemicriconemoides from fruit and tea crops in Guangdong
    CHEN Wenhao, CHEN Yan, ZHANG Huanxin, RUAN Xiaolan, YANG Sihua, XIE Hui, XU Chunling
    Acta Phytopathologica Sinica. 2026, 56(2): 207-218. https://doi.org/10.13926/j.cnki.apps.000972
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    Nematode species belonging to Hemicriconemoides were extracted from the rhizosphere soil of six different fruit and tea crops in Guangzhou City and were identified using morphological methods and molecular tools. Based on the morphological characteristics, along with the analysis of the amplified sequences of rDNA-ITS and 28S D2-D3 expansion region and phylogenetic analysis of these sequences, three Hemicriconemoides species were identified: H. brachyurus(Loos,1949)Chitwood & Birchfield from tea-oil tree, H. chitwoodi Esser from tea tree, and H. litchi Misra and Edward from jackfruit, litchi, longan and Macadamia. These results clarify the plant parasitic nematode species of Hemicriconemoides on six fruit and tea crops in Guangzhou, thereby enriching the diversity of plant nematode species, and providing scientific proof for the integrated management of nematode diseases affecting fruit and tea crops in Guangzhou.
    • CELL BIOLOGY, PHYSIOLOGY, BIOCHEMISTRY, AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY
  • Prediction and analysis of effector proteins from Athelia rolfsii, the causal agent of pepper southern blight
    ZOU Yingren, LUO Meng, LI Jie, HUANG Yan, MA Yanqing, ZHENG Jingyuan
    Acta Phytopathologica Sinica. 2026, 56(2): 219-230. https://doi.org/10.13926/j.cnki.apps.000985
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    Pepper southern blight, caused by Agroathelia rolfsii, which infects the stem, leading to plant wilt, soft rot, and ultimately death, severely impacts pepper yield and quality. The role of effector proteins in the pathogenesis of various pathogenic fungi has been extensively studied; however, the molecular mechanisms underlying the manipulation of host immunity by A. rolfsii effectors are still poorly understood. Based on the whole-genome sequencing data of A. rolfsii, this study screened 618 classical secreted proteins and 84 putative effector proteins using bioinformatics tools including SignalP 6.0, ProtComp 9.0, TMHMM 2.0, and EffectorP 3.0, among which 19 effector proteins contained conserved domains associated with pathogenicity. Through the Agrobacterium-mediated transient plant expression system, it was observed that effector protein EVM0004138 could directly induce necrosis in tobacco cells, while EVM0010618 was capable of inhibiting BAX (BCL2-associated X)-mediated programmed cell death (PCD). RT-qPCR analysis revealed that the genes encoding these two effector proteins were significantly upre-gulated during the infection of pepper by A. rolfsii, with expression levels positively correlated with disease progression. Signal peptide secretion experiments further confirmed their secretory characteristics consistent with those of effector proteins. This study represents the first prediction of the secreted proteins and candidate effector proteins of A.rolfsii, providing a crucial theoretical basis for a deeper understanding of the interaction mechanisms between A. rolfsii and plants.
  • Functional characterization of subtilisin-like protein BcSLP1 in Botrytis cinerea
    WANG Ziyao, LU Jinfeng, NIE Xiaofei, GU Qiongnan, BI Kai, ZHU Wenjun
    Acta Phytopathologica Sinica. 2026, 56(2): 231-244. https://doi.org/10.13926/j.cnki.apps.001691
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    Botrytis cinerea is a necrotrophic plant pathogen employing sophisticated pathogenic strategies. It can cause gray mold diseases on over 1600 plant species, leading to significant economic losses. This fungus facilitates infection by secreting various effector proteins that induce host cell necrosis to promote its colonization. In this study, we analyzed the secretome of B. cinerea during the infection stage and identified a subtilisin-like protein, BcSLP1, which contains the Pro-kumamolisin activation (Pro-kuma_activ) and SCOP d1gt91 domains. The expression level of the Bcslp1 was upregulated during B. cinerea infection. Transient expression of the full-length or signal peptide-truncated BcSLP1 in Nicotiana benthamiana induced leaf cell death and triggered the expression of plant defense-related genes. Bcslp1 deletion mutants exhibited significantly reduced virulence, while the complemented strains restored virulence to wild-type levels. Furthermore, Bcslp1 deletion mutants exhibited no significant differences in hyphal growth rate, conidiation and sclerotial formation and stress tolerance compared with the wild-type and complemented strains. In conclusion, BcSLP1 functions as a pathogenicity-associated secreted protein that triggers plant cell necrosis and activates the expression of plant immunity-related genes, playing significant roles in the infection process of B. cinerea. The findings contribute to a deeper understanding of the biological functions of fungal subtilisin-like protease and provide critical clues for deciphering the infection strategies of B. cinerea.
  • The role of XpsD and XcsD in pathogenicity and triggering hypersensitive response of Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. glycines
    GENG Huiya, XU Xinyue, LIU Shijia, FAN Shuyu, WU Aian, CHEN Zi, WANG Tingchao, GUO Wei
    Acta Phytopathologica Sinica. 2026, 56(2): 245-256. https://doi.org/10.13926/j.cnki.apps.000974
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    The type II secretion system (T2SS) is crucial in the parasitism and pathogenesis of plant-pathogenic Xanthomonas. Homology analysis revealed that xpsD is highly conserved within Xanthomonas genus, whereas xcsD exhibits strain-specific distribution, implying functional divergences of T2SSs within this genus. To date, the specific roles of T2SS in the interactions between Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. glycines (Xag) and host/nonhosts remain unclear. Here, single-gene deletion mutants (ΔxpsD, ΔxcsD) and a double-gene deletion mutant (ΔxpsDΔxcsD) were constructed to investigate the functions of xpsD and xcsD, which encode outer membrane export apparatus components of T2SS in Xag. Compared with the wild type, ΔxpsD displayed significantly attenuated pathogenicity in host soybean, impaired ability to induce hypersensitive response (HR) in nonhosts, reduced extracellular polysaccharide (EPS) production, diminished expression of cell wall-degrading enzymes (CWDEs), and decreased induction of callose deposition and programmed cell death. In contrast, ΔxcsD exhibited no discernible effects on these phenotypes and xcsD failed to complement the defects of ΔxpsD. Quantitative real-time PCR showed that xpsD mutation substantially downregulated the expression of hrp representative genes, HR-inducing genes, CWDEs-encoding genes, and EPS biosynthesis-related genes. Collectively, these findings establish that XpsD, as a core functional component of T2SS, contributes to pathogen virulence, host-specific immune suppression, and nonhost HR elicitation by mediating the secretion of type II effectors and coordinately regulating the expression of virulence-associated genes in Xag.
  • Molecular interaction and oxidative defense responses in nitrate (NO3-) concentration-dependent regulation of tobacco resistance to turnip mosaic virus
    WANG Sheng, YANG Weijia, PU Xian, MA Guangming, CAI Xiaobo, ZHAO Kunhong, LI Xiangyang
    Acta Phytopathologica Sinica. 2026, 56(2): 257-266. https://doi.org/10.13926/j.cnki.apps.001714
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    Nitrate (NO3-), the primary form of inorganic nitrogen uptake in plants, serves as a critical signaling molecule in stress responses. This study systematically investigated the effects of different nitrate (NO3-) concentrations on tobacco resistance against turnip mosaic virus (TuMV) and the underlying mechanisms. The results demonstrated that optimal NO3- concentration (2.5 mmol·L-1) significantly enhanced tobacco resistance to TuMV, effectively alleviating virus-induced symptoms including plant stunting and leaf curling; meanwhile, this treatment increased the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and peroxidase (POD) while reducing malondi-aldehyde (MDA) content, thereby maintaining redox homeostasis under viral stress. Biophysical characteri-zation using microscale thermophoresis (MST) and isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC) confirmed specific binding between NO3- and TuMV-encoded nuclear inclusion protease a (NIa-Pro), with dissociation constants of 1.15 μmol·L-1 (MST) and 15.29 μmol·L-1 (ITC), respectively. Molecular docking analysis further identified TYR-33, SER-153 and GLN-150 as critical binding residues. This study reveals that NO3- modulates antiviral capacity through dual concentration-dependent mechanisms: at low concentrations, it synergistically inhibits viral protein function and activates plant antioxidant defenses; while at high concentrations, it disrupts plant nitrogen metabolic homeostasis and promote viral systemic spread. These findings provide a theoretical foundation for precision nitrogen management in plant viral disease control.
  • Preliminary functional characterization of the host factor NtBAG3 during tobacco vein distorting virus (TVDV) infection of Nicotiana benthamiana
    CHEN Yingrui, LI Fan, CHEN Xiaojiao
    Acta Phytopathologica Sinica. 2026, 56(2): 267-278. https://doi.org/10.13926/j.cnki.apps.001692
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    Tobacco vein distorting virus (TVDV) is one of the primary pathogens causing tobacco bushy top disease (TBTD). To investigate the pathogenic mechanism of TVDV, we performed a yeast two-hybrid (Y2H) screen using the TVDV coat protein (CP) as bait against a cDNA library derived from Nicotiana tabacum cv. K326. The screen identified the tobacco BAG family chaperone regulator NtBAG3 (NtBAG3) as a specific interacting partner of TVDV CP. Domain annotation analysis using the Pfam database revealed that NtBAG3 contains a ubiquitin-like domain (UBL) and a BAG domain. The specific interaction between TVDV CP and NtBAG3 was further confirmed by bimolecular fluorescence complementation (BiFC) and yeast two-hybrid(Y2H)assays. TVDV infection significantly upregulated the mRNA accumulation levels of both the NtBAG3 gene in N. tabacum and its homologous gene NbBAG3 in N. benthamiana. Overexpression of NbBAG3 in N. benthamiana resulted in plant dwarfism and enhanced TVDV infection, whereas silencing NbBAG3 suppressed TVDV infection, as quantified by quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR) analysis of viral RNA levels. This study revealed that the host factor NbBAG3 positively regulates TVDV infection in N. benthamiana. The finding provides an important basis for understanding the pathogenic mechanism of TVDV.
  • Construction of full-length infectious cDNA clones for tobacco chilli veinal mottle virus
    LI Ting, FAN Guangjin, CAI Lin
    Acta Phytopathologica Sinica. 2026, 56(2): 279-289. https://doi.org/10.13926/j.cnki.apps.001377
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    The Chilli veinal mottle virus (ChiVMV) is a single-stranded RNA virus classified under the genus Potyvirus in the family Potyviridae. Virus cloning is essential for the functional characterization of both known and newly discovered viruses. Understanding the viral components and their functional mechanisms has greatly contributed to the advancement of plant molecular biology and biotechnology. In this study, we employed a yeast homologous recombination method to generate an infectious cDNA clone of the Guizhou tobacco isolate of ChiVMV (pCaY-ChiVMV), which was subsequently introduced into healthy plants via agroinfiltration. Stable infection using the pCaY-ChiVMV clone was confirmed through mechanical passage and reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Additionally, an evolutionary tree of ChiVMV was constructed using the neighbor-joining (NJ) method to analyze its variation, and electron microscopy was used to examine the morphology of ChiVMV particles. Therefore, the establishment of infectious cDNA clones provides a foundation for studying the replication and pathogenic mechanisms of ChiVMV.
    • GENETICS OF DISEASERESISTANCE AND PATHOGENICITY
  • Identification and analysis of physiological races of Magnaporthe oryzae and the effectiveness of blast resistance genes in Hebei Province
    ZOU Tuo, ZHANG Wei, WANG Shuo, GENG Leiyue, WANG Haining, HE Guangsheng, FAN Jingfang, MENG lingqi, DU Qi
    Acta Phytopathologica Sinica. 2026, 56(2): 290-301. https://doi.org/10.13926/j.cnki.apps.000982
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    This study aims to explore the exceptional disease-resistant germplasm resources available in Hebei Province and to analyze the variation characteristics of the physiological race population. A total of 136 rice resources and 64 strains of Magnaporthe oryzae collected from Hebei Province between 2022 and 2023 were examined. These strains underwent physiological race classification using seven Chinese identified rice varieties and conducting in vitro leaf identification conducted in the laboratory. The strains were categorized into four groups and five physiological races, with ZD3 identified as the dominant physiological race, exhibiting an occurrence frequency of 39.1%. The strains ZE3, ZD5, and ZF1 demonstrated relatively high occurrence frequencies of 23.4%, 15.6%, and 12.5%, respectively. Leaf blast resistance was assessed using Mixed strains of ZD3, ZE3, ZD5 and ZF1 from the Hebei rice region through injection inoculation. Among the 136 rice resources, 4(2.9%), 28(20.6%), and 44(32.4%) were rated as highly resistant, moderately resistant, and resistant, respectively. Blast resistance genes were identified using 19 pairs, with Pi54 showing the highest detection rate at 69.1%. The findings indicated that Pid4, Pik-m, Piz-t, Pid3, Pi35, Pib, and Pit were effective resistance genes in the Hebei rice region, exhibiting disease resistance ratios of 100%, 100%, 92.1%, 86.4, 80%, 77.4%, and 70%, respectively. Those rice materials carried 0 to 9 disease resistant genes, resulting in a total of 88 combinations of blast resistant genotypes. Notably, rice materials with the genotypes Pit+Pib+Piz-t+X, Pi5+Pita/Pib+Pi54+X, and Pib+Piz-t+Pita+Pita-2+X (where X represents additional resistance genes) exhibited moderate or higher levels of resistance. Late-maturing varieties, such as‘Jinggeng 8’, ‘Jinggeng 32’, and ‘Zhongzuo 9843’, along with the early-maturing variety ‘Jinggeng 10’, were identified as valuable resources for breeding disease-resistant rice in Hebei Province.
    • PLANT DISEASE AND CONTROL
  • Study on germination conditions of urediospores of Uromyces setariae-italicae and evaluation of chemical control effect
    ZHANG Mengya, LIU Jia, DONG Zhiping, MA Jifang, BAI Hui, LI Zhiyong
    Acta Phytopathologica Sinica. 2026, 56(2): 302-313. https://doi.org/10.13926/j.cnki.apps.000975
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    This study aimed to clarify the germination conditions of urediospores of Uromyces setariae-italicae and to screen effective fungicides. The influences of temperature, light, urediospores oncentration, and storage condition on the germination rate of U. setariae-italicae urediospores were explored using spore germination method. A total of 15 fungicides from 4 different types were tested for toxicity under laboratory conditions and their control efficacy in field settings. The results indicated that the optimal temperature for spore germination was 25 ℃, and the ideal spore concentration ranged from 1×103 to 1×104 spores·mL-1, with an average germination rate between 89% and 90%. The highest spore germination rate reached 85.15% under dark conditions. Low temperatures were found to be conducive to the long-term preservation of urediospores, allowing for a viable storage period of 360 days at -80 ℃, with germination rates between 35.2% and 36.0%. No significant difference in the germination rate were oberved between vacuum and non-vacuum storage conditions over six month period. Decreases in the germination rate of urediospores were noted during two critical periods from 0 to 15 d, and from 120 to 180 d, respectively. The fungicide efficacy tesst revealed that strobilurins exhibited the highest toxicityin the laboratory and the best control effect against millet rust in the field. Among these fungicides, 25% pyraclostrobin, 32.5% difenoconazole-azoxystrobin, and 25% azoxystrobin demonstrated the superior indoor control effects, with EC50 values of 0.005, 0.012 and 0.038 mg·L-1, respectively. The field control efficacy for these fungicides was 87.65%, 88.89% and 88.89% after 14 days of application, respectively. This study elucidated the optimal germination conditions for urediospores and evaluated effective fungicides for controlling millet rust, providing a theoretical foundation and scientific basis for its management.
  • Volatile antagonistic substances from the Weizmannia coagulans strain CGMCC 9951 and their inhibitory effects on black rot of sweet potato
    MI Yuanyuan, XU Jia, LI Shichang, WU Ying, ZHAO Lina, ZHANG Jie, GU Shaobin, TIAN Pingping
    Acta Phytopathologica Sinica. 2026, 56(2): 314-326. https://doi.org/10.13926/j.cnki.apps.001686
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    Black rot of sweet potato is an important disease caused by Ceratocystis fimbriata, usually resulting in great economic losses during post-harvest storage of sweet potato. Biological control has significant potential in management of this disease due to its advantages such as being environmentally friendly and low cost. In this study, the inhibitory effect of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) from the Weizmannia coagulans strain CGMCC 9951 against mycelial growth of C. fimbriata was confirmed by dual-culture assay, and the components of the VOCs were identified via headspace solid-phase microextraction coupled with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (HS-SPME-GC-MS) technique. Further determination of the antagonistic activity of the main single component identified in the VOCs against C. fimbriata was conducted. The results revealed the presence of esters, acids, alcohols, ketones, aldehydes, alkanes, ethers and other compounds in the VOCs produced by strain CGMCC 9951, among which isovaleric acid exhibited the strongest inhibitory activity on C. fimbriata; under direct contact conditions, isovaleric acid completely inhibited the mycelial growth of C. fimbriata at a concentration of 0.39 μL·mL-1 and completely killed the pathogen at a concentration of 0.78 μL·mL-1; isovaleric acid treatment induced wrinkles and pittings on the spore surface of C. fimbriata and resulted in the desiccation of spores, and the integrity of spores’ cell membrane and cell wall was damaged, indicating that isovaleric acid can inhibit/kill C. fimbriata by disrupting the cell membrane and cell wall; additionally, isovaleric acid significantly inhibited the infection and spread of C. fimbriata in sweet potatoes at a concentration of 0.20 μL·mL-1, while completely suppressed the growth of C. fimbriata at a concentration of 0.39 μL·mL-1. The results provide a theoretical basis for the application of isovaleric acid in the prevention and control of postharvest diseases of fruits and vegetables.
  • Colonization, growth promotion and control efficacy of endophytic bacterium Y4 in tobacco plants against tobacco black shank
    DU Yifan, LI Zhixin, XU Min, YANG Jianxin, YANG Jinyan, KANG Yebing, XU Jianqiang
    Acta Phytopathologica Sinica. 2026, 56(2): 327-338. https://doi.org/10.13926/j.cnki.apps.001687
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    Tobacco black shank, caused by Phytophthora nicotianae, is a devastating soil-borne disease that can lead to reduced tobacco yields or even no harvest, resulting in significant economic losses. To clarify the growth-promoting effect of endophytic bacterial strain Y4 on tobacco plant and its control efficacy on tobacco black shank, the antagonistic effect of Y4 on P. nicotianae and the ability of Y4 to produce IAA were determined; the colonization of Y4 in tobacco and the growth-promoting effect of Y4 at different growth stages of tobacco plants were investigated; the control efficacy trials of Y4 on tobacco black shank in greenhouse and field were conducted. The results showed that the inhibition rate of Y4 on the mycelial growth of P. nicotianae in dual-culture test was 81.94%, and filtered fermentation broth of Y4 could also significantly inhibit mycelial growth of P. nicotianae; Y4 was capable of producing IAA, with a yield of 12.85 mg·L-1 under fermentation conditions. Based on the morphological characteristics, physiological and biochemical properties and phylogenetic analysis result inferred from gyrB sequence, Y4 was identified as Bacillus pumilus. The successful colonization of different parts of tobacco plants by Y4 was confirmed through 3 methods, Y4 re-isolation, gyrB-targeted PCR detection, and DAPI staining. Upon treatment with Y4, the growth of tobacco plants was promoted and the yield of tobacco leaves was increased, with the fresh weight and dry weight of tobacco leaves per hectare being increased by 135% and 101%, respectively; the activities of phenylalanine ammonia lyase (PAL), polyphenolo-xidase (PPO) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) in tobacco were increased, while the content of malondialdehyde (MDA) in tobacco plants was decreased. The control efficacy against tobacco black shank were 76.16% and 54.70% when root irrigation of tobacco plants with Y4 fermentation broth in greenhouse and field trials, respectively was performed. The results showed that the endophytic bacterial strain Y4 could not only significantly promote the growth of tobacco but also effectively control tobacco black shank. This study presents a biocontrol strain Y4 as a potential candidate for the eco-friendly management of tobacco black shank, offering valuable insights for further elucidating the biological control mechanism against the disease.
    • EXPERIMENTAL METHOD
  • Establishment of duplex PCR detection system for Colletotrichum siamense and C. fructicola causing anthracnose on rubber tree
    CHEN Qingqin, WU Yehao, WANG Zirui, ZANG Yining, LIN Chunhua, MIAO Weiguo, LI Zhigang
    Acta Phytopathologica Sinica. 2026, 56(2): 339-346. https://doi.org/10.13926/j.cnki.apps.001688
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    Colletotrichum siamense and C. fructicola, the two predominant etiological agents of rubber tree anthracnose, present striking similarities in both microscopic features and field symptoms, making it difficult to differentiate them by conventional taxonomic and diagnostic methods. To establish a rapid molecular detection system for the two pathogens, here we designed specific primer pairs (CS-F/R and CF-F/R) and developed a duplex PCR system based on comparative genomics and population genomics analyses. The results showed that CS-F/R amplified a 220 bp C. siamense-specific band and CF-F/R amplified a 448 bp C. fructicola-specific band. The detection limit of the duplex PCR system was 0.01 ng·μL-1. The duplex PCR system we developed in this study could rapidly, precisely, and sensitively detect both C. siamense and C. fructicola that cause anthracnose on rubber trees. Furthermore, this duplex PCR system could also be used for the detection of C. siamense and C. fructicola causing anthracnose on other economic crops and thus possesses broad application potential.
  • Establishment and applicatio of multiplex RT-PCR for detection of four vegetable viruses
    XIN Tongle , LIU Hongqian, WANG Fang, CHI Shengqi, LIU Baoyou, TIAN Yanping, CAO Xinran
    Acta Phytopathologica Sinica. 2026, 56(2): 347-356. https://doi.org/10.13926/j.cnki.apps.001371
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    Viral diseases pose a dramatic threat to the yield and quality of vegetables; therefore, the establishment of rapid and accurate detection techniques for multiple vegetable virus diseases is of great practical value. This study focuses on four viruses that are particularly pathogenic and commonly infect vegetables in the field, namely cucumber mosaic virus (CMV), turnip mosaic virus (TuMV), broad bean wilt virus-2 (BBWV-2) and zucchini yellow mosaic virus (ZYMV). A multiplex RT-PCR detection method capable of simultaneously identifying these four viruses was established by optimizing reaction conditions, primer design, optimal primer concentrations and annealing temperatures. The developed method was shown to be specific and sensitive. The optimal primer ratios were found to be 5∶15∶4∶3 for ZYMV∶TuMV∶BBWV-2∶CMV with an annealing temperature of 55 ℃. The sensitivity of this reaction system was determined to have a minimum template requirement of 0.2 μg. This method was applied to detect these four viruses in 8 vegetable samples collected from the Qingdao City region, and the results were consistent with those of the single RT-PCR detection. This multiplex RT-PCR detection method was shown to be stable, accurate and highly sensitive, offering a feasible solution for the rapid and effective detection of viral diseases in the field.
    • RESEARCH NOTES
  • First report of Pseudomonas cichorii causing bacterial leaf rot of Lactuca sativa in China
    TANG Yuqing, LIN Kejing, XIE Xuejin, HUANG Peizhi, CAI Xueqing
    Acta Phytopathologica Sinica. 2026, 56(2): 357-360. https://doi.org/10.13926/j.cnki.apps.001718
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    In 2023, a novel bacterial leaf rot disease was observed on lettuce (Lactuca sativa) in Sanming City, Fujian Province, China, with a disease incidence exceeding 20%, leading to substantial economic losses for local growers. Ten bacterial strains were isolated and purified from symptomatic plant tissues. Pathogenicity was confirmed for all strains following Koch’s postulates. The causal agent was identified as Pseudomonas cichorii through a comprehensive polyphasic approach, incorporating morphological observation, physiological and biochemical assay, multilocus phylogenetic analysis (16S rDNA, gyrB, and rpoD), and specific PCR amplification. To our knowledge, this is the first report of P. cichorii causing bacterial leaf rot on lettuce in China. This study provides a scientific basis for the development of effective disease management strategies.
  • Identification of pathogens causing belladonna wilt and laboratory screening of fungicides
    LI Shiqi, GAO Suxia , QIN Yanhong, LI Shaojian , WEN Yi, YANG Jin, LI Xuemeng, LU Shuhao, ZHANG Xiao, LU Chuantao, WANG Fei, LIU Hongyan
    Acta Phytopathologica Sinica. 2026, 56(2): 361-366. https://doi.org/10.13926/j.cnki.apps.000996
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    In 2024, wilting plants were observed in Atropa belladonna fields in Xinyang City, Henan Province. To clarify the causal agents of Atropa belladonna wilt, diseased plant samples were collected from the fields. Pathogenic fungi were isolated and purified through tissue isolation method. The pathogens were identified based on morphological characteristics and molecular biological methods. Five chemical fungicides were selected for indoor effective fungicides against three pathogenic strains. Through morphological characte-rization, specific primer sequence analysis, and Koch's postulate verification, A. belladonna wilt caused by three Fusarium species: Fusarium equiseti, F. solani, and F. acuminatum. The results of laboratory fungicide screening showed that 97% tebuconazole exhibited good inhibitory effects against the three pathogens, followed by 99.6% difenoconazole, 98% fludioxonil and 96% azoxystrobin demonstrated favorable inhibitory effects specifically on F. equiseti and F. acuminatum, respectively. These experimental results provide a theoretical basis for the prevention and control of A. belladonna wilt.
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China Agricultural University
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